
The Personal Data Protection Law, in plain terms
Since 1 January 2026, Law No. 91/2025/QH15 on Personal Data Protection governs how organisations in Vietnam handle personal data. Patient health information is sensitive personal data, which carries the strictest rules.
- In force
- 1 January 2026, with detailed rules in Decree 356/2025/ND-CP.
- Penalties enforced
- From 19 August 2026, under Decree 330/2026/ND-CP. The Ministry of Public Security enforces.
- Consent
- Required to process health data, with limited exceptions. Pre-ticked or bundled consent can itself be fined. You must also be able to show when and what each patient agreed to.
- Fines
- Up to 5% of annual revenue for some violations, up to VND 3 billion for most others, and up to ten times the gains for buying or selling personal data.
Keeping sensitive patient data stored in Vietnam removes one of the highest-risk areas: sending personal data overseas. We work through the rest with you: what you collect and why, who can see it, how consent is recorded, and what you must do after a breach.
This is general information, not legal advice. For advice on your situation, speak with a Vietnamese lawyer. We are happy to work alongside them.